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Lanthanide

The term "lanthanide" was introduced by Victor Goldschmidt in 1925. Despite their abundance, the technical term "lanthanides" is interpreted to reflect a sense of elusiveness on the part of these elements, as it comes from the Greek λανθανειν (lanthanein), "to lie hidden".

Rather than referring to their natural abundance, the word reflects their property of "hiding" behind each other in minerals. The term derives from lanthanum, first discovered in 1838, at that time a so-called new rare-earth element "lying hidden" or "escaping notice" in a cerium mineral,[12] and it is an irony that lanthanum was later identified as the first in an entire series of chemically similar elements and gave its name to the whole series.

Actinide

Like the lanthanides, the actinides form a family of elements with similar properties. Within the actinides, there are two overlapping groups: transuranium elements, which follow uranium in the periodic table; and transplutonium elements, which follow plutonium. Compared to the lanthanides, which (except for promethium) are found in nature in appreciable quantities, most actinides are rare. Most do not occur in nature, and of those that do, only thorium and uranium do so in more than trace quantities. The most abundant or easily synthesized actinides are uranium and thorium, followed by plutonium, americium, actinium, protactinium, neptunium, and curium.

Hydrogen

Greek elements hydro- and -gen, 'water-forming'
Atomic weight: 1.0080
Primordial
Gas

Helium

Greek helios, 'sun'
Atomic weight: 4.0026
Primordial
Gas

Lithium

Greek líthos, 'stone'
Atomic weight: 6.94
Primordial
Solid

Beryllium

Beryl, a mineral (ultimately from the name of Belur in southern India)
Atomic weight: 9.0122
Primordial
Solid

Boron

Borax, a mineral (from Arabic bawraq, Middle Persian *borag)
Atomic weight: 10.81
Primordial
Solid

Carbon

Latin carbo, 'coal'
Atomic weight: 12.011
Primordial
Solid

Nitrogen

Greek nítron and -gen, 'niter-forming'
Atomic weight: 14.007
Primordial
Gas

Oxygen

Greek oxy- and -gen, 'acid-forming'
Atomic weight: 15.999
Primordial
Gas

Fluorine

Latin fluere, 'to flow'
Atomic weight: 18.998
Primordial
Gas

Neon

Greek néon, 'new'
Atomic weight: 20.180
Primordial
Gas

Sodium

English (from medieval Latin) soda · Symbol Na is derived from Neo-Latin natrium, coined from German Natron, 'natron'
Atomic weight: 22.990
Primordial
Solid

Magnesium

Magnesia, a district of Eastern Thessaly in Greece
Atomic weight: 24.305
Primordial
Solid

Aluminium

Alumina, from Latin alumen (gen. aluminis), 'bitter salt, alum'
Atomic weight: 26.982
Primordial
Solid

Silicon

Latin silex, 'flint' (originally silicium)
Atomic weight: 28.085
Primordial
Solid

Phosphorus

Greek phosphóros, 'light-bearing'
Atomic weight: 30.974
Primordial
Solid

Sulphur

Latin sulphur, 'brimstone'
Atomic weight: 32.06
Primordial
Solid

Chlorine

Greek chlorós, 'greenish yellow'
Atomic weight: 35.45
Primordial
Gas

Argon

Greek argós, 'idle' (because of its inertness)
Atomic weight: 39.95
Primordial
Gas

Potassium

Neo-Latin potassa, 'potash', itself from pot and ash. Symbol K is derived from Latin kalium
Atomic weight: 39.098
Primordial
Solid

Calcium

Latin calx, 'lime'
Atomic weight: 40.078
Primordial
Solid

Scandium

Latin Scandia, 'Scandinavia'
Atomic weight: 44.956
Primordial
Solid

Titanium

Titans, the sons of the Earth goddess of Greek mythology
Atomic weight: 47.867
Primordial
Solid

Vanadium

Vanadis, an Old Norse name for the Scandinavian goddess Freyja
Atomic weight: 50.942
Primordial
Solid

Chromium

Greek chróma, 'colour'
Atomic weight: 51.996
Primordial
Solid

Manganese

Corrupted from magnesia negra; see § magnesium
Atomic weight: 54.938
Primordial
Solid

Iron

English word, from Proto-Celtic *isarnom ('iron'), from a root meaning 'blood'. Symbol Fe is derived from Latin ferrum
Atomic weight: 55.845
Primordial
Solid

Cobalt

German Kobold, 'goblin'
Atomic weight: 58.933
Primordial
Solid

Nickel

Nickel, a mischievous sprite of German miner mythology
Atomic weight: 58.693
Primordial
Solid

Copper

English word, from Latin cuprum, from Ancient Greek Kýpros 'Cyprus'
Atomic weight: 63.546
Primordial
Solid

Zinc

Most likely from German Zinke, 'prong' or 'tooth', though some suggest Persian sang, 'stone'
Atomic weight: 65.38
Primordial
Solid

Gallium

Latin Gallia, 'France'
Atomic weight: 69.723
Primordial
Solid

Germanium

Latin Germania, 'Germany'
Atomic weight: 72.630
Primordial
Solid

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	

"Kubla Khan" by Samuel Taylor Coleridge

In Xanadu did Kubla Khan
A stately pleasure-dome decree:
Where Alph, the sacred river, ran
Through caverns measureless to man
	Down to a sunless sea.
So twice five miles of fertile ground
With walls and towers were girdled round;
And here were gardens bright with sinuous rills
Where blossom'd many an incense-bearing tree;
And here were forests ancient as the hills,
Enfolding sunny spots of greenery.

But oh that deep romantic chasm which slanted
Down the green hill athwart a cedarn cover!
A savage place! as holy and inchanted
As e'er beneath a waning moon was haunted
By woman wailing for her demon-lover!
And from this chasm, with ceaseless turmoil seething,
As if this earth in fast thick pants were breathing,
A mighty fountain momently was forced:
Amid whose swift half-intermitted Burst
Huge fragments vaulted like rebounding hail,
Or chaffy grain beneath the thresher's flail:
And mid these dancing rocks at once and ever
It flung up momently the sacred river.
Five miles meandering with a mazy motion
Through wood and dale the sacred river ran,
Then reached the caverns measureless to man,
And sank in tumult to a lifeless ocean:
And 'mid this tumult Kubla heard from far
Ancestral voices prophesying war!

	The shadow of the dome of pleasure
	Floated midway on the waves;
	Where was heard the mingled measure
	From the fountain and the caves.
It was a miracle of rare device,
A sunny pleasure-dome with caves of ice!

	A damsel with a dulcimer
	In a vision once I saw:
	It was an Abyssinian maid
	And on her dulcimer she play'd,
	Singing of Mount Abora.
	Could I revive within me
	Her symphony and song,
	To such a deep delight 'twould win me,
That with music loud and long,
I would build that dome in air,
That sunny dome! those caves of ice!
And all who heard should see them there,
And all should cry, Beware! Beware!
His flashing eyes, his floating hair!
Weave a circle round him thrice,
And close your eyes with holy dread:
For he on honey-dew hath fed,
And drank the milk of Paradise.